Play video games to fight cigarette cravings

 

 Poison kills poison. Iron cuts iron. And now the new one addiction kills addiction! According to a study carried out by researchers from Plymouth University and Queensland University of Technology in Australia, people who played the classic game of Tetris had reduced craving for cigarettes. And not only Tetris you can play any game like Candy Crush for that matter. The point is, the game should be visually interesting and changing.




The study involved a sample size of 31 students between the ages of 18 to 27. These students were asked to note the frequency and intensity of any kind of craving (nicotine, food, etc.) they felt. Half of them were given an iPad upon which they could play Tetris, whereas the other half were asked to struggle with their cravings. After 15 minutes, when checked, the group involved in playing Tetris reported 20 percent less craving for cigarettes than those who weren’t playing. Scientists attribute this decrease in craving to the mental process involved in playing Tetris. According to them the same process is also involved in controlling and satisfying cravings.


 Professor Jackie Andrade of Plymouth University expressed her opinion as, “We think the Tetris effect happens because craving involves imagining the experience of consuming a particular substance. Playing a visually interesting game like Tetris occupies the mental processes that support that imagery. It is hard to imagine something vividly and play Tetris at the same time.” So the next time you feel a craving for something you know isn’t good for you and your health, just grab your smart phone and start playing Candy Crush or Tetris!

LED Lights Control Mice Movements

Scientists working with mice have to be careful about a lot things, the mice running away being the least of the problems. This remote-control LED chip can make a mouse completely in its trance by activating neurons in its brain, with light stimulation of peripheral nerves.

While the movement of the mice can be influenced, this chip is tiny and thus eliminates the use of those giant cables.

“This is a new way of delivering wireless power for optogenetics,” said Ada Poon, an assistant professor of electrical engineering at Stanford. “It’s much smaller and the mouse can move around during an experiment.”

This LED chip provided the field of optogenetics the needed boost. This chip can be used to interpret and diagnose the behavioural and motor aspects of Parkinson’s disease. This chip weighs just 20-50 milligrams and can be easily sneaked into the brain, or spine, or limbs of a mice. But Poon also realised that a mice housing the chip, would be used to power the chip as. A 2 mm coil could be the powerhouse of the chip, collecting the energy from the mice.

To rest your fear now, this chip cannot be extended to the human brain. For functioning, this LED requires light activated proteins called opsins, which are found only in special mice genetically altered to express them.

http://www.technologyvista.in/pin/led-lights-control-mice-movements/ 

Converting atmospheric CO2 into Carbon Nanofibers Made easier

Carbon nanofibers are not new, but still we are excited to talk about these somewhat mysterious product of carbon which is so expensive and difficult to manufacture. But, there seems to be a way to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere directly into nanofibers by an electrochemical process.

 
To begin with, the researchers had come up a with a “capture and requester” technique, in which they capture carbon in our environment. The ways on the list till now are, injecting carbon dioxide into porous basalt rock, where it is mineralized and then buried, making it impossible for it to seep into the atmosphere (Iceland), and a copper material that can be used to turn captured CO2 into fuel (Dept. of Energy).
Now in this method given by George Washington University’s Department of Chemistry, the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is taken into a lithium carbonate pot and subjected to a low voltage, whereupon, the solid carbon deposits in the cathode, and oxygen in the anode. Now, if we are not careful, of the temperature attained, and carbon dioxide might form carbon monoxide instead, which is very dangerous to health. This reaction is facilitated by the conversion of visible rays of sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic techniques.

 
The nanofibers produced are currently about 30 to 100 times more expensive than aluminium. So even though they make for incredible sturdy structures in construction, they are not much in use or demand at the moment, but this new technique might open doors and lead to falling of prices for this material. It’s like killing two stones with a bird, as this uses solar energy, produces oxygen and would reduce the levels of global warming if harnessed on a large scale.

Black Hats Offer Million-Dollar iOS 9 Bug Bounty

A number of high-tech companies offer bounties to help plug holes in their software programs. They may pay $10,000 to $15,000 for a significant exploit. Those amounts face tough competition, though. "I've seen some hackers claiming to have a $400,000 budget for bug bounties and willing to pay two to three times what's offered by a company bounty program," said Damballa researcher Loucif Kharouni.

Zerodium last week posted a million-dollar bounty for juicy iOS 9 bugs or jailbreaks.

Zerodium runs a market where exploits and vulnerabilities are bought and sold, according to Damballa.

"While there is no insight into a specific buyer, we can assume if an exploit for iOS 9 is found, Zerodium will sell it for way more than (US)$1 million," wrote Loucif Kharouni, senior threat researcher at Damballa, in a company blog post.
"Finding an iOS 9 security breach would have severe repercussions for millions of iPhone users, which have traditionally been given a higher grade for security than Android because of their 'walled garden' approach to Apps," he noted.

Will Bounty Be Paid?

While cybercriminals are known to pay well for flaws that can be used to line their pockets with loot, "that's a lot of money for an exploit," Kharouni told TechNewsWorld. "The bounty is a way to encourage people to find those exploits. What better way to encourage people to do something than to give them a lot of money to do it?"
Will someone really get a million bucks for an iOS 9 exploit?
"When someone gets in touch with them, we'll see if the bounty is real or not," Kharouni said.
However, any bounty award will be difficult to confirm, he pointed out. "Anyone who tried to collect the bounty will want to remain anonymous, whether he gets paid or not."
It's a difficult path for any bounty hunter wishing to bag the cool million, Kharouni continued. "It's a challenge to find an exploit for iOS, because it's way more secure than Android."

RAT Hunting

Zerodium has set high standards for the kinds of exploits that would qualify for the iOS 9 bounty.
"For a million bucks, they want something more than something that just steals pictures," Kharouni noted. "They want something that will give them full access to a phone, like a RAT."
A RAT, or remote access Trojan, gives an intruder remote control over a device.
A number of high-tech companies offer bounties to help plug holes in their software programs. They may pay $10,000 to $15,000 for a significant exploit. Those amounts face tough competition from the underground market, however.
"I've seen some hackers claiming to have a $400,000 budget for bug bounties and willing to pay two to three times what's offered by a company bounty program," said Kharouni.

More Apple Problems

As Zerodium began trawling for iOS 9 bugs, Apple was busy snuffing out security fires.
First, it discovered that hundreds of apps infected with malware had been uploaded to its App Store.
Then, as it scrambled to clean up bugs in the initial release of iOS 9, a lockscreen vulnerability was found in the OS.
The malicious app problem emerged after researchers found that Chinese developers were downloading a counterfeit version of Xcode, a tool Apple distributes to developers working on iOS apps.
Unknown to the developers, the bogus version of the tool infected the apps they were creating with malware called "XcodeGhost."

Convenience Trumps Security

The reason the developers were downloading the flawed tool was that it was hosted on servers where it could be downloaded much faster than it could from Apple's servers located in the United States.
As Apple went about purging the pernicious apps from its ecosystem, it committed itself to making sure the incident was not repeated in the future.
Apple will be setting up servers in China so the company's development tools can be downloaded faster there, SVP of Worldwide Marketing Phil Schiller reportedly said last week.
Although the snafu tarnished Apple's sterling security reputation, it could have been much worse, suggested Appthority.
"Given our risk analysis results of infected apps regarding their actual behavior, we feel that it would have been easy to add more harmful behaviors to the code and we might see that in the future, but the author of XCodeGhost chose not to implement them in the versions we analyzed," wrote Andreas Weinlein, an engineer at Appthority.

Quicksand for Bad Apps

"The recent exploit on Apple has shown us that even Apple's system can be compromised quite easily," observed Filip Chytry, a security researcher with Avast.
"While this time nothing significant happened, it is a reminder that having everything under an Apple system could potentially make a system vulnerable," he told TechNewsWorld.
"If hackers are able to exploit one entry point, they are able to attack all of the other iOS devices -- and the fact that Apple doesn't have a big variety of products makes it easier," Chytry pointed out.
However, Apple's use of "sandboxing" within iOS offers its users a measure of security from attacks by malicious apps.
"As part of the sandboxing process," Chytry said, "the system installs each app in its own sandbox directory, which acts as the home for the app and its data. So malware authors cannot easily access sensitive data within other apps."

Lockscreen Snag

Past versions of iOS have been afflicted with lockscreen vulnerabilities, and that was the case with iOS 9, too.
Jose Rodriguez, who discovered a lockscreen bug in iOS 6.1.3 two years ago, exposed the iOS 9 lockscreen flaw. He demonstrated a way to bypass the lockscreen by exploiting iOS 9's five-attempt lockout policy when Siri is activated from the lockscreen. Once the lockscreen is bypassed, an intruder can access a phone's photos and contacts.
"Every major upgrade represents the potential to reveal and increase an attack surface on a given device, because software is made by humans and there are market pressures to get the device to market -- even if there are some small number of bugs that have yet to be found," explained Cameron Camp, a senior researcher with Eset.
"No locking technology implementation is perfect," he told TechNewsWorld, "and with every novel approach, there are likely to be bugs along the way. Hopefully, responsible disclosure and code reviews will serve to minimize the exposure time and rapidly deploy patches to help consumers."

Breach Diary

• Sept. 21. Sophos reports resurgence of Facebook "dislike" button scams. Web surfers attempting to install the button are redirected to bait-and-switch websites which attempt to cajole personal information from them.
• Sept. 21. Popular photo-sharing website Imgur reports it has removed malicious javascript from site that infected its visitors' computers and used them to participate in DDoS attacks on hacker watering holes 4chan and 8chan.
• Sept. 21. U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announces award of nearly US$3.7 million for three pilot projects designed to make online transactions more secure and private for healthcare, government services, transportation and the Internet of Things.
• Sept. 22. Trend Micro releases report including finding that credit and debit card breach incidents have increased 169 percent in the past five years.
• Sept. 22. R.T. Jones Capital Equities Management agrees to pay $75,000 and to be censured to settle charges brought by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The investment firm allegedly failed to have a cybersecurity policy in place when a data breach at a third-party provider compromised personal information of 100,000 people, including some of its clients.
• Sept. 22. Apple Senior Vice President for Worldwide Marketing Phil Schiller tells Chinese publication Sina that his company is taking steps to avoid repeat of incident where counterfeit versions of an Apple developers' tool was used to infect programs uploaded to the Apple App Store.
• Sept. 23. U.S. Office of Personnel Management reports 5.6 million fingerprint records were stolen in massive breach of government computer systems in June, 4.5 million more than initially reported.
• Sept. 23. Provincial government of British Columbia, Canada reveals an unencrypted hard drive containing personal information on 3.4 million students has gone missing. The government says drive was supposed to be located in a locked warehouse but when they looked for it, it wasn't there.
• Sept. 23. Galen Marsh pleads guilty in a New York City federal court for the unauthorized taking of 730,000 records away from Morgan Stanley. The investment bank says no customers lost any money as a result of the incident.
• Sept. 23. U.S. District Court in Pennsylvania rules Fifth Amendment, which bars the government from compelling a citizen to make self-incriminating admissions, protects passcodes on locked smartphones.
• Sept. 24. PR Newswire resets passwords for all journalists on its system. Service was one of several newswires breached by overseas hackers seeking information for insider trading on U.S. stock exchanges.
• Sept. 25. President Barack Obama and President of China Xi Jinping announce "common understanding" to combat theft of intellectual property over computer networks.
• Sept. 25. Security blogger Brian Krebs reports banks have discovered a pattern of credit card fraud at gift shop and restaurant point-of-sale registers at a large number of Hilton Hotels and franchise properties across the United States. Hilton confirmed to Krebs that it is investigating the claims.
• Sept. 25. North Oldham High School in Kentucky begins notifying 2,800 current and former students that their personal information, including Social Security numbers, was compromised through a Web browser attack on a nutritional service employee's computer.
• Sept. 25. The Intercept reports British spy agency GCHQ is running program called "Karma Police" with goal to record the website browsing habits of "every visible user on the Internet." Report is based on documents leaked by Edward Snowden.

Upcoming Security Events

• Oct. 2-3. B-Sides Ottawa. RA Centre, 2451 Riverside Dr., Ottawa, Canada. Free with registration.Oct. 6. SecureWorld Cincinnati. Sharonville Convention Center, 11355 Chester Rd., Sharonville, Ohio. Registration: open sessions pass, $25; conference pass, $175; SecureWorld plus training, $545.
• Oct. 6. UK Cyber View Summit 2015. 6 a.m. ET. Warwick Business School, 17th Floor, The Shard, 32 London Bridge, London, UK. Registration: 550 euros plus VAT.
• Oct. 9-11. B-Sides Warsaw. Pastwomiasto, Anders 29, Warsaw, Poland. Free with registration.
• Oct. 12-14. FireEye Cyber Defense Summit. Washington Hilton, 1919 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. Registration: before Sept. 19, $1,125; after Sept. 18, $1,500.
• Oct. 13. Protecting Your Users from Online Attackers. 2 p.m. ET. Dark Reading webinar. Free with registration.
• Oct. 14. Latest DDoS Attacks Trends -- Excerpts from Arbor ATLAS Global Statistics. 10 a.m. ET. Webinar by Arbor Networks. Free with registration.
• Oct. 14. Best Practices in DDoS Defense: Real World Customer Perspectives. 11 a.m. ET. Webinar sponsored by Networks. Free with registration.
• Oct. 14. Arbor Solutions for the Next Decade of DDoS Defense. 9 a.m. ET. Webinar sponsored by Arbor Networks. Free with registration.
• Oct. 15. SecureWorld Denver. The Cable Center, 2000 Buchtel Blvd., Denver, Colorado. Registration: open sessions pass, $25; conference pass, $175; SecureWorld plus training, $545.
• Oct. 15-16. B-Sides Los Angeles. Dockweiler Youth Center and State Beach. Free.
• Oct. 16-18. B-Sides Washington D.C. Washington Marriott Metro Center, 775 12th St NW, Washington, D.C. Free.
• Oct. 17-18. B-Sides São Paulo. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Free.
• Oct. 19-21. CSX Cybersecurity Nexus Conference. Marriott Wardman Park, 2660 Woodley Rd. NW, Washington, D.C. Registration: before Oct. 14 -- member, $1,595; nonmember, $1,795. After Oct. 14 -- member, $1,795; nonmember, $1,995.
• Oct. 28. The Cyber-Centric Enterprise. 8:15 a.m. ET. Virtual conference. Free with registration.
• Oct. 28-29. SecureWorld Dallas. Plano Centre, 2000 East Spring Creek Parkway, Plano, Texas. Registration: open sessions pass, $25; conference pass, $175; SecureWorld plus training, $545.Oct. 28-29. Securing New Ground. Conference sponsored by Security Industry Association. Millennium Broadway Hotel, New York City. Registration: after Sept. 7 -- member, $1,095; nonmember, $1,495; CISO, CSO, CIO, $300.
• Nov. 4. Bay Area SecureWorld. San Jose Marriott, 301 South Market St., San Jose, California. Registration: open sessions pass, $25; conference pass, $175; SecureWorld plus training, $545.
• Nov. 10. FedCyber 2015 Annual Summit. Tyson's Corner Marriott, 8028 Leesburg Pike, Tyson's Corner, Virginia. Registration: $395; academic, $145; government and military, free.
• Nov. 11-12. Seattle SecureWorld. Meydenbauer Center, 11100 NE 6th St., Bellevue, Washington. Registration: open sessions pass, $25; conference pass, $175; SecureWorld plus training, $545.
• Nov. 13-14. B-Sides Delaware. Wilmington University, New Castle Campus, 320 North Dupont Highway, New Castle, Delaware. Free with registration.
• Nov. 24-25. Cyber Impact Gateway Conference. ILEC Conference Centre and Ibis London Earls Court, London, UK. Registration: Before Oct. 9 -- end users, Pounds 1,799 plus VAT; solution providers, Pounds 2,799 plus VAT. Before Oct. 30 -- end users, Pounds 1,899 plus VAT; solution providers, Pounds 2,899 plus VAT. Standard -- end users, Pounds 1,999 plus VAT; solution providers, Pounds 2,999 plus VAT.
• Dec. 12. Threats and Defenses on the Internet. Noon ET. Northeastern University, Burlington Campus, 145 South Bedford St., Burlington, Massachusetts. Registration: $6

Logitech Adds Portability to Home Monitoring

Oct 1, 2015 1:38 PM PT

Logitech on Wednesday announced a new monitoring system that links users to live feeds of their homes via an app.

Called "Logi Circle," it picks up Nest's Dropcam model and expands it with mobility.
On one end of the system is the app, available for both Android and iOS, which lets consumers view high-definition camera feeds live.
On the other end is a portable camera, the size of a webcam, that can go up to three hours without an external power source. It's a two-way camera that can stand in for a webcam or allow someone to shout directives to a rogue pet.
In the center of the Logi Circle system is Logitech's cloud service, which supports the ability to rewind server-saved feeds as much as 24 hours, according to Engadget.

Smartphone Connection

To enhance ease of access, Logitech has imparted the Circle with the power to sift through recordings via filters and display 30-second "day briefs" that time-lapse highlights of the past day.
The Circle's Scene Intuition tech, which powers day briefs and filters, looks for habits at home. After learning a home's routine, it can send alerts to mobile devices when specific events occur.
All of this can be done remotely from a smartphone, so concerns about the security of this system are natural.
Wireless video cameras have always been used for "voyeuristic snooping" to some degree, as well as for security, said Scott Borg, director of the U.S. Cyber Consequences Unit.
As a result, several products can sniff out the presence of wireless cameras, he told TechNewsWorld.
"The early wireless video systems were unencrypted and essentially wide open," Borg said. "Anyone with a smattering of technical knowledge could steal the video feeds or upload bogus ones. Many of the newer video systems have made this much harder."
However, locking down a video surveillance system isn't enough to avoid many of today's cyberthreats, he said. "Even if the video camera systems themselves have good security, the pictures they produce will still be accessible to anyone who can break into the user's computer."

Taken for Granted

An example of this occurred last fall, when a Russian website shared live streams of thousands of homes and businesses that didn't protect their wireless camera systems properly.
Invasion of privacy isn't the only concern webcams present.
Cybercriminals can use vulnerabilities in IoT devices, including webcams, to remotely attack other systems, send malicious email, steal personal information, or interfere with physical safety, the FBI warned last month.
Companies often are targets of IoT attacks, according to the FBI.
Attacks on small businesses can occur quite regularly, said Matt Donovan, national underwriting leader, technology and privacy, Hiscox USA. Depending on the security measures established, small businesses can be soft targets for attacks.
"Script kiddies can widely scan IP addresses across the Internet for various vulnerabilities," he told TechNewsWorld. "The hacker may not know what they have or who they have actually infiltrated until after they find the security flaw. Once inside, crimes can range in size and scope, but typically leverage various types of personally identifiable information."

Taking Cybercrime Seriously

Merchant awareness just isn't keeping pace with the growth of mobile fraud, noted Don Bush, vice president of marketing at Kount.
About 60 percent of respondents to Kount's mobile payments and fraud survey were uncertain if the growth of mobile fraud has been accelerating, keeping pace or moving slower than the movement of their overall transaction volume, he told TechNewsWorld.
"Furthermore, the number of merchants that consider managing the complexity of new payment types as the biggest obstacle to mobile adoption has more than doubled to 20 percent in 2014 from 8 percent in 2013," Bush said.
The impact of fraud and other cybercrimes on businesses can be devastating for smaller organizations. Businesses that find themselves victimized by cybercrimes must adhere to myriad notification laws, said Donovan.
"Small-business owners should consult their privacy insurance carrier immediately to obtain legal advice regarding their breach response plan," he said. "Notification, credit monitoring or other types of responses may be required of the business in a timely fashion."

Apple Music is coming to China - and it's cheap

For the first time, Apple is making available some of its digital offerings to customers in China.

The company announced Wednesday that iTunes Movies, iBooks and Apple Music are now available in China, offering access to content including music from Chinese artists, as well as international pop stars including Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeran.

"Customers in China love the App Store and have made it our largest market in the world for app downloads," said Eddy Cue, Apple's senior vice president of Internet Software and Services in a news release. "One of the top requests has been more great content and we're thrilled to bring music, movies and books to China, curated by a local team of experts."
Movies on iTunes will start at 5 yuan (80 cents) for an HD rental, and 18 yuan ($2.80) to purchase new releases in HD.
The company said it would offer a three-month trial to Apple Music, after which the service will cost 10 yuan ($1.57) per month. That's cheaper than India's Apple Music price of 120 rupees ($1.83) per month, or the UK's 9.99 pounds ($15.16) per month.
Apple (AAPL, Tech30) Music's price in the United States is $9.99 per month.

Diesel Fumes And Your Health: VW Cover-Up Shows We Need To Test Local Cars

Volkswagen has been systematically fixing its diesel cars to be clean during vehicle testing in the United States and then pollute more heavily when on the road. This allowed its vehicles to pass rigorous emissions tests, giving customers maximum driving performance at the cost of the environment and our health.
Diesel exhaust fumes are a group one carcinogen, meaning they can cause cancer in humans. So covering them up is a serious offence. In the US, this can result in fines of up to $US18 billion.
It’s unclear whether the cheating has occurred in Australia, but Volkswagen’s head said 11 million cars could be affected worldwide including popular models such as the Golf and Beetle, which are popular in Australia.
There’s also the potential that other manufacturers have been using the same dirty trick, and there are Australian firms that blatantly advertise removing anti-pollution devices in order to improve performance.
Levels of air pollution are mostly controlled by government policy, so government action is what’s needed here.
Health Harms
Diesel exhaust fumes are a known cause of lung cancer and may cause bladder cancer. Burning diesel creates large amounts of particulate matter air pollution including small particles of less 2.5 micrometers (known as PM2.5).
The Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, set up by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, which is leading the investigation into VW), concluded that short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 could cause death and cardiovascular harm (by increasing the risk of strokes and heart attacks) and was likely to cause respiratory harms such as asthma.
Similarly the World Health Organization has stated that:

there is a close, quantitative relationship between exposure to high concentrations of small particulates and increased mortality or morbidity.

Diesel exhausts also pollute the air with nitrogen oxides (NOx), and this is a known cause of respiratory and cardiovascular disease. The on-road VW tests in the US found that NOx pollution levels were 15 to 35 times higher than the legal limit.
With so many cars creating so much more pollution there will have been health effects. It’s hard to say exactly how many more hospitalisations and deaths without more data, but the US EPA may attempt to quantify this as part of any legal case.

 
Random Testing
There are a range of options Australian governments could take to reduce the harm of diesel exhaust fumes.
First, it seems prudent to see whether there’s a problem in Australia with new vehicles rorting pollution controls. This could be achieved by random on-road testing. A bit like random breath testing of drivers, this would tests the car’s fitness to drive.
Random tests would inconvenience a small number of people and testing two to three hundred diesel vehicles would make it clear if there was a big problem. It would be relatively low cost, but would need technical experts as well as the help of the police.
Next, we could introduce more systematic testing, such as adding a vehicle emission test to the roadworthy certificate needed to sell a car.
Alternatively, all in-use vehicles could be subject to an annual or bi-annual test of vehicle emissions by state transport departments. This already happens in California and the United Kingdom and if a vehicle fails the test it can’t be driven or sold.
This is a higher cost option but would likely provide better compliance across the vehicle fleet than random testing. Australia does have emissions standards for in-use cars, but they are not enforced to the same extent as those overseas. Testing here could be targeted towards those vehicles that cause the greatest harm, and the obvious target is diesel vehicles in urban areas.
Diesel Vehicles
Diesel emissions have improved markedly in recent years, and diesel has a green image because of the better mileage, but their air pollution scorecard is still worse than the typical petrol vehicles. This is probably why VW fixed its diesel emission levels.
Diesel cars and trucks produce more nitrogen oxides and particulate matter pollution, which are particularly damaging to health.
Our previous research showed that when the price of diesel fell in Brisbane there was an increase in air pollution across the city likely driven by increased use, whereas there was no increase in air pollution for cheaper petrol.
Ideally, there would be no diesel vehicles in urban areas except for people who truly needed them for work. The mayors of Paris and London have both expressed a desire to rid their cities of diesel vehicles.
The main source of exposure to poor quality air for many city-dwelling Australians is traffic pollution. Cleaning the air by increasing the number of cleaner vehicles has the potential to greatly improve health, including reducing asthma admissions to hospital, reducing strokes and even deaths. Norway, for instance, has dramatically increased the number of clean electric vehicles by lowering taxes and providing free parking and road tolls.
Having more dirty diesel vehicles on the road is about the worst thing that could happen in Australian cities. VW has a lot of questions to answer.

Adrian Barnett, Associate Professor of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology and Luke Knibbs, Senior Lecturer, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.